American chip equipment makers are cutting off China
05 Nov
Science & Technology

American chip equipment makers are cutting off China

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Technology tamfitronics In This StoryAs the U.S. continues to strengthen restrictions on advanced technology in China, U.S.-based chip equipment manufacturers are reportedly telling suppliers to find alternatives to Chinese-made components.Suggested ReadingThe 'smart money' predicts a Donald Trump win and a Republican landslide, strategist saysSuggested ReadingChip equipment makers, including California-based Applied Materials (HUGE-0.83%) and Lam Research (LRCX-0.80%), have told suppliers they worry risking their vendor status for using certain components supplied by China, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing unnamed people familiar with the matter. The companies have also told suppliers not to have Chinese investors or shareholders,...
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Site-specific drug release of monomethyl fumarate to treat oxidative stress disorders
05 Nov
Science & Technology

Site-specific drug release of monomethyl fumarate to treat oxidative stress disorders

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Technology tamfitronics MainThe transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an attractive therapeutic target because its activation stimulates a panoply of antioxidants that naturally resolve oxidative stress, a process central to diseases with great societal burden1,2,3,4. However, systemically distributed activators such as monomethyl fumarate (MMF) have global on-target actions because of the ubiquitous expression of NRF2 (refs. 2,3,5,6). In addition to activating NRF2 by modifying Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) thiols (Cys151), MMF also exerts undesirable off-target actions by indiscriminately modifying other protein thiols as well3,4,5,6,7,8. We sought to overcome these dose-limiting and harmful side effects3,4,5,6,9,10 by creating a prodrug that would release MMF only when and where required.Hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite are...
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Binary vector copy number engineering improves -mediated transformation
05 Nov
Science & Technology

Binary vector copy number engineering improves -mediated transformation

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Technology tamfitronics MainAgrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT) is an indispensable tool in both plant and fungal biotechnology for transgene insertion into target cells1,2,3. By replacing the native oncogenic genes used by the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens with user-defined DNA sequences, the innate DNA transfer capacity of this bacterium can be exploited for untargeted DNA insertions into diverse plant, fungal and mammalian cell lines4,5,6,7. Initial improvements to AMT involved relocating two DNA sequences known as the left and right border (LB and RB) from the native ~200-kb tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid to a smaller helper plasmid known as a binary vector8. Any DNA contained between the LB and RB is mobilized as a transfer DNA (T-DNA) and inserted into...
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AIntibody: an experimentally validated in silico antibody discovery design challenge
05 Nov
Science & Technology

AIntibody: an experimentally validated in silico antibody discovery design challenge

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Technology tamfitronics Science is frequently subject to the Gartner hype cycle1: emergent technologies spark intense initial enthusiasm with the recruitment of dedicated scientists. As limitations are recognized, disillusionment often sets in; some scientists turn away, disappointed in the inability of the new technology to deliver on initial promise, while others persevere and further develop the technology. Although the value (or not) of a new technology usually becomes clear with time, appropriate benchmarks can be invaluable in highlighting strengths and areas for improvement, substantially speeding up technology maturation. A particular challenge in computational engineering and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) is that benchmarks and best practices are uncommon, so it is particularly hard for non-experts to...
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